HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF THE WTO AND THE RULES CHANGING THE WORLD OF TRADE

Abstract

This article examines the evolution and multifaceted influence of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the global economy, analyzing its historical path from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) to the modern institutional structure. The work uses the methods of searching and systematizing theoretical data, induction, deduction and comparative analysis. It is revealed that the WTO, which originated from the "birth defects" of the temporary GATT, has become a reliable, rule-based system, which is emphasized in legal (Jackson, Mavroidis) and political-economic (Hookman and Kostetsky) studies. Jagdish Bhagwati also presents the WTO as a cornerstone of globalization, promoting predictability and efficiency in trade. An empirical analysis of the impact of the WTO on world trade has shown that despite initial skepticism (Rose), subsequent studies (Larch, Subramanian, and Wei) have convincingly confirmed the positive, albeit nuanced, impact of membership in the organization on trade volumes. This evidence, along with the key principles of the WTO (non-discrimination, openness, predictability, dispute settlement), provides the basis for global economic integration. The active pursuit of WTO accession by the Republic of Uzbekistan, enshrined in strategic documents, reflects the recognition of these benefits and the importance of compliance with international standards for achieving inclusive development and full integration into the world trading system.